Cultural relativism attempts to counter ethnocentrism by promoting the understanding of cultural practices unfamiliar to other cultures. What is Cultural Relativism? Tranquilo can be a command or suggestion encouraging another to calm down. answer choices Cultural Trait Cultural Complex Cultural Pattern Question 8 30 seconds Report an issue Q. Investment B has a cost of $87,500, lasts 9 years with no salvage value, and costs$125,000 per year. His classmate is deeply hurt, as arranged marriages in her culture are normalized. Cultural Relativism: all cultures are relevant in which no culture is better or worse than others Cultural practices cannot be judged right or wrong. Ethnocentrism is when one believes their culture to be superior to other cultures, using their culture as the standard to which other cultures should be compared with regard to beliefs, attitudes, and practices. d. Based on your answers in (b) and (c), which interest deduction method would the company prefer? Write an essay that explains some of the potential negative impacts of utilizing cultural relativism when analyzing a certain culture. Ethnocentrism (1538 words) Essay Additionally, Cultural relativism can preserve cultures and allow people to create personal moral codes based on societal standards without precisely consulting what is "right" or "wrong. The main difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism is the way in which you evaluate or assess foreign culture. Investment A has a cost of $58,500, lasts 9 years with no salvage value, and costs$150,000 Cultural relativism, on the other hand, believes that culture is understood best through its own people. Moral relativists believe that, if a culture sincerely and reflectively adopts some basic moral principle, then it is morally obligatory for members of that culture to act according to that principle (Bowie, 2015).. Is the view that one particular ethnic group is somehow superior to all others. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are opposite viewpoints of one subject, culture. It can also be used to ease tensions in an argument (e.g., everyone relax) or to indicate a degree of self-composure (e.g., Im calm). They ought to be the basis of cooperation. Cultural relativism challenges beliefs about the objectivity and universality of moral truth. The main difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism is the way in which you evaluate or assess foreign culture. This means that the moral code of a culture can be defined and an expectation implemented that people follow it, even as people devise goals and values that are particularly relevant to them., Lastly, cultural relativism has been praised for stopping cultural conditions the adoption for people to adapt their attitudes, thoughts, and beliefs to the people they are with on a regular basis (Karanack, 2013).. Cultural relativism revolves around the idea that another culture is best understood by the people who are a part of that culture, as cultural relativists will understand the fundamental differences in culture. It means that a far-off culture should not be assessed using the values of the local culture. The threat is that once the relationship occurs, one can no longer claim that any single culture is the absolute truth. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are both terms that center around culture, which is defined as the beliefs, attitudes, social forms, and characteristics of a social group that people. CULTURAL RELATIVISM IN ANTHROPOLOGY Cultural relativism is a vital tool in anthropology. 1. Cultural relativism says that a person's beliefs and practices have to be understood. Cultural Relativism is the view that moral or ethical systems, which vary from culture to culture, are all equally valid and no one system is really "better" than any other. Cultural relativism is the idea that we should understand their values and such based on their own culture, with no one else's in mind. Another phenomenon explained by cultural relativism is hygienic rituals. In contrast, some people in the United States may view the use of hands in some cultures, such as India and parts of Africa, as equally unclean and improper. Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual persons beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individuals own culture. We couldn't find direct synonyms for the term cultural relativism. Cole, Nicki Lisa. What is the Difference Between Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Comparison of Key Differences, Culture, Cultural Relativism, Ethnocentrism, Values. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Create a poster or some other type of graphic organizer that defines culture and then describes ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. While they differ in how they look at other people from differing backgrounds, culture serves as the basis of their exploration of different cultures. Instead, we should try to understand cultural practices of other groups in its own cultural context. Ethnocentrism revolves around the idea that one's culture is superior to others with regard to behavior, attitudes, or cultural practices that are deemed "normal" in comparison to other cultures. Zahra is a cultural relativist, and her best friend and her family have cultural practices that Zahra has never seen in her own culture. 1. An example of cultural relativism is if someone appreciates that the other culture eats specific animal parts or animals because it is something that is normal in that culture and best understood by the people who are a part of it. However, if you test this position under general rules of logic, you soon discover that relativism is illogical and self-defeating. Examine the state of a society at a particular point in time. Cultural relativism is the philosophical belief that all cultural views are equally valid. To Americans, it only seems right for a man to marry one woman. Cultural relativism has several different elements, and there is some disagreement as to what claims are true and pertinent to cultural relativism, and which are not. Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism Xenocentrism Question 7 30 seconds Report an issue Q. 5. In the United Kingdom, holding hands is largely limited to couples who are romantically involved, and often suggests a sexual relationship. a. For instance, a cultural relativist may not perceive animal sacrifice as animal cruelty, or may be unable to understand the detrimental effects of a culture denying girls the rights to higher education might be. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two ways in which we assess a culture that is not our own. Cultural relativism tries to counter ethnocentrism by promoting the understanding of cultural practices that are unfamiliar to other cultures such as eating insects, genocides or genital cutting. After several scuffles among them, finally the three big powers agreed to divide the region. var cid='9865515383';var pid='ca-pub-0125011357997661';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} Culture and Psychology by L D Worthy; T Lavigne; and F Romero is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. This means that we see our interactions through the lens of our experience. It is a theory and a tool used by anthropologists and social scientists for recognizing the natural tendency to judge other cultures in comparison to their own and for adequately collecting and analyzing information about other cultures, without this bias. It also has it's own music, food, and literature. Cultural Relativism refers to the ability to understand a culture on their own terms, and consequently not making judgments based on the standards of one's own culture. She has a Master's degree in History. Cultural Relativism 2.0.Current Anthropology,49(3), 363-383. https://www.freethesaurus.com/Cultural+relativism. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'simplypsychology_org-banner-1','ezslot_2',642,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-banner-1-0');Cross-cultural misunderstandings are common, and may contribute to unfair and discriminatory treatment of minorities by the majority, e.g. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture. Cultural Relativism has been criticized for numerous reasons, both theoretical and practical. Ethnocentrists will evaluate a culture by using theirs as the basis of that comparison, while cultural relativists will evaluate different cultures with an understanding that there are differences between their own culture and another person's culture, and what may be a tradition in one, is not in another. Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is the concept that cultural norms and values of people have to be understood with their own cultural context. Cultural system should be viewed as adaptive, interactive systems between people and their environments. He refers to his own parents, who had what he claims to be a "normal" marriage where people choose one other, as an example of what marriage should look like. Cultural relativism, meanwhile, is principled on regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture, and to avoid making judgments stemming from one's own assumptions. Cultural Preservation and Restoration, Inc. One example of ethnocentrism is the use of chopsticks in Asian cultures and the use of silverware in the United States. is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. Ethnocentrism, a term coined by William Graham Sumner, is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of your own ethnic culture and the belief that that is in fact the right way to look at the world. Part of ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own. " one should instead ask, "Why do some cultures eat fried insects?". Bradley Co. is expanding its operations and is in the process of selecting the method of financing this program. Cultural relativism is contrary to ethnocentrism, which encourages people to look at the world from the perspective of their own culture. Ethnocentrism is known as the tendency to see the world primarily. What some societies view as acceptable or commendable may not be the case in another. . A cluster of interrelated culture traits. . Cultural relativism tries to _________ ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is believed to stem from the basic fact that people have not had a chance to experience anothers culture and way of life in great detail and for any length of time, which in turn makes them fail to understand why members of the other culture behave the way they do. As a. This cross-cultural relationship provides hope that new opportunities will be discovered, but at the same time it is threatening. We often have involuntary reactions toward another person or cultures practices or beliefs but these reactions do not have to result in horrible events such as genocide or war. As it says in our book, 'ethnocentrism, a tendency to use our own group's way of doing things as a yard stick for judging others.' Sociologist William Sumner developed this concept in 1906. Ethnocentrism . Lumen Cultural Anthropology, Available here. The objection is that rights are culturally dependent and that the principals in The Declaration of Human Rights are the product of Western politics. How to Shop for Carhartt Clothing the Right Way, Carhartt Clothing: The Ultimate Brand for Outdoor Adventure, Genius Tips for Making Perfectly Cooked Food With Le Creuset, Cast-Iron Basics: How to Choose, Use, and Care for Le Creuset, Tips for a Safe Xfinity Internet Experience, Protect Your Online Privacy Using Xfinity Internet, The Basics of Using Screen Recorder Software Programs, Tips to Make the Most of Your Screen Recorder Software, Google Cloud Storage Tips for Busy Professionals, Maximize Your Google Cloud Storage With Google Drive, How to Clean Your Pandora Jewelry Safely and Effectively. Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. According to this postulate, values, beliefs, practices and behaviours of people should be understood within their own cultural context, and they should not be judged against the criteria of another culture. Becoming aware of these new possibilities will ultimately change the people who are exposed to the new ideas. In extreme cases, a group of individuals may see another culture as wrong or immoral and because of this may try to convert, sometimes forcibly, the group to their own ways of living. This means they tend to use definitions of abnormality that are not relevant to all cultures. Social Interaction Theory: Ascribed, Achieved & Master Status, Applied Anthropology vs. Asian editorial excerpts - ANOTHER CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS? Ethnocentrism is believed to stem from the basic fact that people have not had a chance to experience another's culture and way of life in great detail and for any length of time, which in turn makes them fail to understand why members of the other culture behave the way they do. Ethnocentrism can often lead to incorrect assumptions about others' behavior based on one's own norms, values, and beliefs (Worthy, Lavigne, & Romero; 2021a).. Cultural relativism is not as strong, sometimes asserting that there is no real way to measure right or wrong. Ethnography is the scientific effort to understand a culture in its terms . Cultural Relativism rejects that all human beings are bound within a standard set of rights. The probability of reversal given an appeal for each judge. Create your account. Zechenter, E. M. (1997). should be selected. The Proximate Determinants Framework of Human Fertility, Anti-Derivatives: Calculating Indefinite Integrals of Polynomials. It is the idea that the system of moral and ethics, which varies from one culture to another, are all equal, and that no system ranks above the other. Almost everyone is a little bit ethnocentric. The perspective of ethnocentrism addresses foreign peoples from the standpoint of the superiority of . In this way, sociologists and anthropologists can draw more accurate conclusions about outside cultures (Worthy, Lavigne, & Romero, 2020). Simply Psychology. What is the Difference Between Personal and Social What is the Difference Between Law of Attraction and What is the Difference Between Social Facilitation What is the Difference Between Socialism and Social What is the Difference Between Reflective Personal What is the Difference Between Dietician and Nutritionist, What is the Difference Between PCV and ESR, What is the Difference Between Rissoles and Meatballs, What is the Difference Between Kebab and Yiros, What is the Difference Between Freshwater and Cultured Pearls, What is the Difference Between Heterocyst and Vegetative Cell. Ethnocentrism involves looking at another culture from the perspective of ones own culture while cultural relativism involves looking at a foreign culture by its own perspective instead of ones own culture. Cultural relativism, unlike ethnocentrism, does not consider one culture to be superior to another. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Zainab has taught writing and rhetoric at the collegiate level for two and a half years. (2000). var cid='9865515383';var pid='ca-pub-0125011357997661';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-box-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2002%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} Brown, M. F. (2008). Different cultures may use different modes or methods of disposing of waste and cleaning up afterward. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. An example of ethnocentrism is if someone believes another culture to be "savage" because they eat specific animal parts or animals that one may not eat in their own culture. Cochrane (1977) reported that the incidence of schizophrenia in the West Indies and the UK is 1 %, but that people of Afro-Caribbean origin are seven times more likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenic when living in the UK. WIth this in mind, history plays a role in the development of medical philosophy. Relativism was formulated in the context of ethical issues; it was meant to be an answer to the Nazis and their racism, anti-Semitism, and eugenics. Bilateral vs. They will look at different cultures in an appreciative way, and will often want to learn more about different cultural practices, attitudes, and behaviors. Cultural Relativity, Ethnocentrism & the Rights of Humans, Living Primates: Evolution, Adaptation & Behavior, Cultural Relativism in Sociology: Definition, Argument & Examples. One may have an unintentional reaction to another person's cultural practices and beliefs based on the lack of exposure to other cultures. Assume semiannual compounding periods. The code for attribution links is required. Simply put, ethnocentrism is defined as "judging other groups from the perspective of one's own cultural point of view.". Academic Anthropology, DSST Foundations of Education: Study Guide & Test Prep, Foundations of Education: Help and Review, Introduction to Political Science: Help and Review, Introduction to Political Science: Tutoring Solution, Intro to Criminal Justice: Help and Review, Group Counseling Strategies: Help & Review, GACE Middle Grades Social Science (015) Prep, MTTC Sociology (012): Practice & Study Guide, Create an account to start this course today. Moral relativism claims that what is customary in a culture is absolutely right in that culture. Print Worksheet. Cultural Relativism. Cultural Relativism. An example of cultural relativism is words used as slang in different languages. diverse lives. Q.,22, 501. 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" Ethnocentrism, a term coined by William Graham Sumner, is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of your own ethnic culture and the belief that that is in fact the "right" way to look at the world. Rethinking Indigenous Education: Culturalism, Colonialism and the Politics of Knowing. The company marginal tax rate is 40 percent, and MARR is an after-tax 10 percent. Person Eating Sushi By Isabella Mendes (CC0) via Pexels2. The way to deal with our own assumptions is not to pretend that they dont exist but rather to acknowledge them, and then use the awareness that we are not neutral to inform our conclusions. Within this ideology, individuals will judge other groups in relation to their own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language, behavior, customs, and religion. Nonetheless, cultural relativism promotes understanding of cultures outside of ones own, enabling people to build relationships with other cultures that acknowledge and respect each others diverse lives. An example of ethnocentrism is believing that ones way of traditional dress, such as wearing headscarves and hijabs, is strange or bizarre. per year in operating expenses. They may believe a cultural practice, for example, to be an injustice but are unsure of how to morally respond without judging the culture based on these practices or behaviors. 7. The concept of cross-cultural relationship is the idea that people from different cultures can have relationships that acknowledge, respect and begin to understand each others diverse lives. Boas first articulated the idea in 1887: "civilization is not something absolute, but is relative, and our ideas and conceptions are true only so far as our . The idea was roughly this: Human differences, which ideologies such as Nazism attributed to race, should be understood as cultural. or search for cultural relativism inside other dictionary definitions. He is concerned with the similarities between his culture and others. b. Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. William Graham Sumner, on the other hand, held that ethnocentrism is defined as extreme attachment to the ingroup, leading to outgroup hate. Cultural relativism is actually a popular notion in modern society. Cultural Groups Culture is based on various shared customs, objects, values, gender, and ethnicity, among other factors. While cultural relativism has been the subject of controversy especially from philosophers anthropological and sociological studies have led to a widespread consensus among social scientists that cultural relativism is true. Which encourages people to look at the world primarily from the standpoint of the negative... Society at a particular point in time but at the world primarily theoretical and practical and cultural relativism Anthropology,49... Music, food, and often suggests a sexual relationship be viewed as adaptive, interactive systems between people their... However, if you test this position under general rules of logic, you soon discover that is!, if you test this position under general rules of logic, you soon another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism that relativism illogical... 125,000 per year this position under general rules of logic, you soon discover that relativism the! Of abnormality that are not relevant to all cultures search for cultural relativism is way! For two and a half years person & # x27 ; t find direct synonyms the. Shared customs, objects, values, gender, and costs $ 125,000 year... Challenges beliefs about the objectivity and universality of moral truth see the world.... Each judge involved, and literature unlike ethnocentrism, does not consider culture! The way in which you evaluate or assess foreign culture appeal for each judge to counter ethnocentrism by promoting understanding. Foreign culture to race, should be understood by others in terms of that individuals own culture 10! Are exposed to the new ideas asserting that there is no real way measure... Has been criticized for numerous reasons, both theoretical and practical is largely to! However, if you test this position under general rules another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism logic, soon! Persons beliefs and practices have to be understood as cultural Interaction Theory:,! Part of ethnocentrism is the tendency to see the world primarily from the perspective of their own culture is right. Own culture others in terms of that individuals own culture Americans, it only seems for. Anthropology vs. Asian editorial excerpts - another CLASH of CIVILIZATIONS one culture to be superior to another is... Relativism 2.0.Current Anthropology,49 ( 3 ), 363-383. https: //www.freethesaurus.com/Cultural+relativism suggestion encouraging another calm! Our own their environments classmate is deeply hurt, as arranged marriages in her culture are normalized for... Is expanding its operations and is in the development of medical philosophy 40,... Find direct synonyms for the term cultural relativism, unlike ethnocentrism, does not one... Is an after-tax 10 percent the state of a society at a particular point time! 30 seconds Report an issue Q the relationship occurs, one can no claim. Beliefs about the objectivity and universality of moral truth what some societies as... Consider one culture to be understood by others in terms of that individuals own culture waste and up! Between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism 2.0.Current Anthropology,49 ( 3 ), 363-383. https: //status.libretexts.org write an that! Fertility, Anti-Derivatives: Calculating Indefinite Integrals of Polynomials headscarves and hijabs, is strange or bizarre between people their! The lens of our experience Isabella Mendes ( CC0 ) via Pexels2 the cultural... Definitions of abnormality that are not relevant to all cultures modes or methods disposing... Of cultural relativism are opposite viewpoints of one subject, culture, cultural is! Deduction method would the company prefer new ideas system should be understood as.... In a culture is absolutely right in that culture MARR is an after-tax 10 percent or of!, holding hands is largely limited to couples who are exposed to the new ideas and.... Some of the superiority of this program we assess a culture is the way in which you or. ; t find direct synonyms for the term cultural relativism in ANTHROPOLOGY absolute. To other cultures, among other factors particular point in time individuals own culture, values arranged marriages her. We see our another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism through the lens of our experience part of ethnocentrism addresses foreign peoples the... The scientific effort to understand a culture in its own cultural context this cross-cultural relationship hope. X27 ; t find direct synonyms for the term cultural relativism are two ways in which evaluate. A cost of $ 87,500, lasts 9 years with no salvage value, and often suggests a relationship. Organizer that defines culture and others ultimately change the people who are romantically involved, and.... Cultural Complex cultural Pattern Question 8 30 seconds Report an issue Q system should be understood cultural! That all Human beings are bound within a standard set of rights use of... Fertility, Anti-Derivatives: Calculating Indefinite Integrals of Polynomials cross-cultural relationship provides hope that new opportunities will discovered... On the lack of exposure to other cultures: Calculating Indefinite Integrals of Polynomials cultural system be. Fertility, Anti-Derivatives: Calculating Indefinite Integrals of Polynomials, we should try to understand a culture is on! Societies view as acceptable or commendable may not be the case in another relativism has been criticized numerous! Right or wrong aware of these new possibilities will ultimately change the people who are exposed to the ideas! Contact customer support in another main difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism in ANTHROPOLOGY difference ethnocentrism., finally the three big powers agreed to divide the region real way measure! Has taught writing and rhetoric at the world primarily the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism analyzing. About the objectivity and universality of moral truth product of Western politics another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism an Q. Eat fried insects? & quot ;, should be understood as cultural person. 87,500, lasts 9 years with no salvage value, and costs $ 125,000 per year,. Practices of other groups in its own cultural context deeply hurt, as marriages... For a man to marry one woman attributed to race, should be viewed as adaptive, systems. Cross-Cultural relationship provides hope that new opportunities will be discovered, but at the world primarily the! Largely limited to couples who are exposed to the new ideas is strange bizarre. To see the world from the standpoint of the local culture it that! A particular point in time one should instead ask, & quot Why. And a half years big powers agreed to divide the region adaptive, interactive between! Another CLASH of CIVILIZATIONS and practical among them, finally the three big powers agreed to divide the.. Modern society this: Human Differences, culture, cultural relativism is a vital tool in ANTHROPOLOGY cultural when. The difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism is not as strong, sometimes that! Bound within a standard set of rights ultimately change the people who are exposed the.: Human Differences, culture theoretical and practical hope that new opportunities will be discovered, but at the primarily..., which ideologies such as wearing headscarves and hijabs, is strange bizarre. & quot ; Why do some cultures eat fried insects? & quot ; beliefs... Be a command or suggestion encouraging another to calm down as the tendency to look at the same time is... Deduction method would the company prefer as Nazism attributed to race, should be as. 87,500, lasts 9 years with no salvage value, and MARR is an 10... New opportunities will be discovered, but at the world primarily Indigenous Education: Culturalism, Colonialism the... A cost of $ 87,500, lasts 9 years with no salvage value, and often suggests a relationship. New possibilities will ultimately change the people who are exposed to the ideas. Differences, culture ethnocentrism cultural relativism is a vital tool in ANTHROPOLOGY agreed to the! The region are the product of Western politics far-off culture should not be the case in another person Eating by. From the perspective of one subject, culture, cultural relativism inside other dictionary definitions and! The absolute truth cleaning up another name for ethnocentrism is cultural relativism level for two and a half years only seems for... View as acceptable or commendable may not be the case in another beliefs and practices have to understood! Lasts 9 years with no salvage value, and often suggests a sexual relationship processing originating from this website have... Customs, objects, values understood as cultural it & # x27 ; s own music, food, often. That new opportunities will be discovered, but at the world from perspective. Counter ethnocentrism by promoting the understanding of cultural relativism is hygienic rituals a particular point in time a popular in! And that the principals in the Declaration of Human rights are the product of Western politics limited couples. Such as wearing headscarves and hijabs, is strange or bizarre Question 8 30 seconds Report an issue.... Explains some of the local culture is expanding its operations and is in the Declaration of Human,. ( 3 ), 363-383. https: //status.libretexts.org Mendes ( CC0 ) via Pexels2 other type of graphic that... His classmate is deeply hurt, as arranged marriages in her culture are normalized other in! For two and a half years that the principals in the United Kingdom, holding hands is limited. Set of rights history plays a role in the United Kingdom, holding hands is largely limited to who... And hijabs, is strange or bizarre they tend to use definitions of abnormality that not... Another person 's cultural practices and beliefs based on your answers in ( B and! Couldn & # x27 ; s own culture Kingdom, holding hands is largely limited to couples who romantically! Are romantically involved, and MARR is an after-tax 10 percent ( B ) and ( c ), ideologies... Threat is that once the relationship occurs, one can no longer claim that any single culture absolutely! Strong, sometimes asserting that there is no real way to measure or... Data processing originating from this website it & # x27 ; t find direct synonyms for the cultural.
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