Staple foods are derived either from vegetables or animal products, and common staples include cereals (such as rice, wheat, maize, millet, and sorghum), starchy tubers or root vegetables (such as potatoes, cassava, sweet potatoes, yams, or taro), meat, fish, eggs, milk, and cheese, and dried legumes such as lentils. Death rates from diabetes are estimated to be over 64% higher for Hispanics than for whites, and diabetes mortality rates are higher for Mexican Americans than for any other Hispanic group. Canned soups. Mexican cuisine is one of the most culturally vibrant culinary traditions in the world. While chile peppers are used throughout Mexican cuisine, in this region they are used primarily as a condiment. a. Their healing powers can be seen as God-given at birth, learned, or received through a "calling" and they may be sought for a broad range of complaints (marital problems, infertility, alcoholism, and business failure) as well as for specific illnesses (diabetes and cancer), and are important in diagnosing the underlying causes of a condition, which may be natural or supernatural in nature. Only 34% have graduated from high school, and 41% have less than a 9th grade education. Diet in Hinduism signifies the diverse traditions found across the Indian subcontinent. A comprehensive study detailed these changes in a very large sample of Mexican Americans, finding that the greatest dietary changes occurred between the first generation born in Mexico and the second generation, born in the U.S. Dietary changes between the second and third generations were less significant. "Mexican food" is a misnomer, or, at least, woefully inadequate to describe the many distinct regional cuisines that encompass the term. Success! Tortillas are almost always to be expected in Mexican Cuisine; whether youre making tacos or enchiladas, chilaquiles or quesadillas. Below is a look at these important food staples. Although the concept of structured exercise is unfamiliar to some Central Americans, exercise is considered important by many Guatemalans and Panamanians. Privacy Statement, Stuvia is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university, Also available in package deal from $18.99, Pennsylvania State University - All Campuses, Rutgers University - New Brunswick/Piscataway, University Of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign, Essential Environment: The Science Behind the Stories, Everything's an Argument with 2016 MLA Update, Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, Primates of the World: An Illustrated Guide, The State of Texas: Government, Politics, and Policy, IELTS - International English Language Testing System, TOEFL - Test of English as a Foreign Language, USMLE - United States Medical Licensing Examination. 2022 Apr;18(2):e13325. One study found that Mexican Americans have very high rates of metabolic syndrome, a clustering of conditions that leads to type 2 diabetes and heart disease, including insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Rice. On the one hand, eating signature dishes can even provide comfort to those who live far away from their hometowns. Chiles en nogada. Therefore, the staple Foods from region of Mexico differ from another region. Some regions have foods influenced by Japan, Italy, France, and China. eCollection 2022 Jul. The cuisine of Mexico is very diverse. Recently, when a (now-shuttered) burrito place opened in an upscale Mexico City neighborhood, the press coverage was careful to clarify what, exactly, a burrito is. Mexican foods are rich in the use of a variety of peppers. The Europeans introduced several other Foods to Mexicans, which includes chicken, pork, beef, spices, herbs and dairy products. The overwhelming majority of global staple foods are grains. b. Ethnic groups in Nicaragua have been found to use traditional healing practices, and in the culturally diverse region of Nicaragua's east coast, more than 200 plants with traditional medicinal uses have been identified. beans, and squash. Compare and contrast the staple foods of Mexico's different regions. The cuisine of the Yucatn Peninsula (actually three states: Yucatn, Campeche and Quintana Roo) is perhaps the most revered after Oaxaca. While many inaccessible regions have retained their native diets, others have held on to traditional foods and food habits in spite of Aztec or Spanish domination. The largest segments of this population are 1.7 million Salvadorans, 1.1 million Guatemalans, 490,000 Hondurans, 366,000 Nicaraguans, and combined, fewer than 350,000 from the other Central American nations. Epub 2022 Jan 25. de Vries-Ten Have J, Owolabi A, Steijns J, Kudla U, Melse-Boonstra A. Nutr Res Rev. Besides being eaten as a staple food, flatbread plays an important role in , Answer: Falafel, a staple Middle Eastern dish and popular street food around the world. The Mexicans of the northern and central regions often consume beef. In Central America, corn is eaten mostly as tortillas.Enchiladas are open-faced sandwiches similar to Mexican tostadas, and typically feature meat covered with pickled vegetables such as cabbage, beets, and carrots. [Show more] Preview 1 out of 3 pages Habanero chile, achiote (annatto seed), sour orange, red onion, spices like allspice and large-leafed Yucatecan oregano, and seasoning pastes called recadosare some of the ingredients far more common to la cocina yucateca than the rest of the country. What is the most common staple food in the world? Health is viewed by many Central Americans as a balance between the spiritual and social worlds and as a gift of God. As tortilla consumption has declined, breads and breakfast cereals have become more popular with all family members. Two of Mexico's most iconic dishes mole poblano (an especially complex sauce of dried chiles, seeds, nuts and chocolate) and chiles en nogada (picadillo-stuffed chiles with a walnut sauce and pomegranate seeds) hail from the state of Puebla. With the perfect combination of tortilla, meat, cheese, and sauce, enchiladas have become a symbol of a traditional Mexican meal. ii) Therefore, the staple Foods from region of Mexico differ from another region. Beans can be boiled or refried, which creates a mashed consistency. Its the prevalence of the flour tortilla that allowed burritos to become popular, given the pliability of the style of tortilla. Get in touch! On the other hand, Guatemalans consider illnesses to be caused by outside forces including those sent by Satan to punish unbelievers and sickness due to witchcraft. These fruits include: While the world famous Tabasco sauce hails from this region, the area is likely best known for its seafood. Home remedies, especially teas prepared in a therapeutic manner for maximum healing properties, are usually tried before turning to outside help. Staple foods. The region is also known for desserts, such as cajeta, which is caramelized goats milk, as well as Cotija cheese, which is named after the town bearing the same name. Traditional health care in Mexico incorporates elements of Indian supernatural rituals with European folk medicine introduced from Spain. While the region often cooks with Mexican staples such as chicken and pork, it also includes many indigenous animals, such as armadillos, rabbits, and even insects. Mexican food is a misnomer, or, at least, woefully inadequate to describe the many distinct regional cuisines that encompass the term. A large number of recent immigrants are employed as migrant farm workers, gardeners, domestic cleaners, dishwashers, and foodservice workers, and in other low-skilled jobs. Home Travel What Are Some Of Mexicos Staple Foods. Staples include homemade khichdi (rice and lentils or rice and mung beans), and chaas (buttermilk) and pickles as side. Careers. The Mexican hot-cold system of diet and health is believed to have been derived from the Arab system of humoral medicine brought to Mexico by the Spanish and combined with the native Indian worldview. There are many other illnesses known in the Mexican culture, such as bilis (excess bile spills into the blood), envidia (caused by emotion of envy among one's friends and neighbors), caida de la mollera (displacement of organs in infants), mal de ojo (evil eye), mal aire (bad air or wind), mal puesto (witchcraft), and empacho (a digestive ailment characterized by nausea, gas, and weakness). Most Nigerians' cultural diet is based on staple food accompanied by stew. Fathers' Complementary Feeding Support Strengthens the Association Between Mothers' Decision-Making Autonomy and Optimal Complementary Feeding in Nigeria. Jaliscos state motto is Jalisco es Mxico, presumably because it takes credit for many of the countrys most beloved traditions mariachi, charrera (similar to rodeo), tequila. There are more than 50,000 edible plants in the world, but just 15 of them provide 90 percent of the worlds food energy intake. Dried fruit. Onions and garlic flavor many dishes. What is the staple food in the Philippines? A fixed, A Private Binding Ruling binds the Commissioner to apply the law in a certain way to all taxpayers who read the ruling. 2021 Dec 3;17(4):578-586. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.10.013. If they are ineffective, a curandero is usually employed.Many Central Americans believe a good diet, especially consumption of fruits and vegetables; fresh air; and regular hours are necessary to preserve health. Key dishes:Caesar salad, tacos of tempura fish and shrimp, grilled lobster, seafood cocktails and ceviches, margaritas. In fact, what most people in the United States and elsewhere think of as Mexican food is actually the cuisine of northern Mexico. Are Low Intakes and Deficiencies in Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc, and Iodine of Public Health Concern in Ethiopian, Kenyan, Nigerian, and South African Children and Adolescents? While the majority of immigrants before the 1980s were white professionals, more recent refugees are primarily mixed Spanish and Indian heritage or Indian peasants. 2.1 Staple Food: Definitions, Types The two most important staple foods across the world are corn and rice. Want to read all 2 pages? Key dishes:Mole poblano, chiles en nogada, cemitas and chanclas (Poblano tortas, the latter soaked in salsa), chiles capones (simple cheese-stuffed chiles) and more mole poblano. . Rice, corn (maize), and wheat make up two-thirds of this. The region is host to a strong tradition of ranching, making beef the meat of choice for most of the region. Salads and pickled vegetables are common as appetizers, side dishes, and on sandwiches.Coffee is grown throughout the region and is a popular drink, usually consumed heavily sweetened. The Europeans introduced several other Foods to Mexicans, which includes chicken, pork, beef, spices, herbs and dairy products. The most common health problem of Mexicans and Central Americans are overweight (obesity) and health issues that often accompany obesity: diabetes, heart disease, angina, hypertension, arthritis, and others. The .gov means its official. Traditional healers include curanderos and sabadores, jeberos (herbalists), espiritistas (treat witchcraft with prayer), and priests (also sought to help with prayers for health). Over-the-counter remedies (Pepto-Bismol, Alka Seltzer, Vicks VapoRub, laxatives, and enemas) are also used. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like List and describe three factors influencing the regional cuisine. poor Mexicans have a little variety in their eating regimen, and some live primarily on corn. It is difficult to characterize Mexican foods in general because the majority of poor Mexicans have little variety in their diet and some subsist almost entirely on corn, beans, and squash. Unlike susto, nervios cannot be cured by a traditional healer. In Taxco, julies, a type of stink bug, are used in a variety of dishes, including in a traditional preparation of a nutritious salsa. PMC They are easily grown, cheap, plentiful and can be prepared in a variety of ways. 1RQ Compare and contrast the staple foods of Mexico's different regions. Most plants have alternating generations; what are they classified as? Tacos. This Privacy Policy applies only to our online activities and is valid for visitors to our website with regards to the 21 herbs and spices that they shared and/or collect in spanishchef.net. The area pulls influence from everywhere from Africa to Cuba to New Orleans, as well as the indigenous people who are from the area. A Guide To The Regional Cuisines Of Mexico. Check your email for a confirmation link. Food staples are eaten regularlyeven dailyand supply a major proportion of a person's energy and nutritional needs. Curr Dev Nutr. Key dishes:Sopa de lima (a tart tortilla soup), cochinita pibil (roast pork marinated in achiote and sour orange), panuchos and salbutes (tostada variants), tzik de venado (shredded deer salad), pavo en escabeche (pickled turkey). Food is at the center of many cultures across the globe, but the typical ingredients and techniques used to create popular dishes can be unfamiliar to people of different backgrounds. In addition, some Nicaraguans believe witchcraft has the power to heal illness. Extra income is usually spent on meats, especially more expensive cuts such as steaks and pork chops, and processed meats, such as hot dogs and bologna. True or False. If you have additional questions or require more information about our Privacy Policy, do not hesitate to contact us. Guatemalans believe the quantity and quality of a person's blood maintains their strength. a. Asia is the worlds largest rice-producing and rice-consuming region. Allotey D, Flax VL, Ipadeola A, Kwasu S, Bentley ME, Worku B, Kalluru K, Valle CG, Bose S, Martin SL. While many inaccessible regions have retained their native diets, others have held on to traditional foods and food habits in spite of Aztec or Spanish domination. Other Mexican Staple Foods A few other items that are synonymous with Mexican cuisine are salsa, cilantro, tomatoes, onions, queso or cheese, sour cream, tortilla chips and fresh fruit. With the mix of indigenous, Spanish, African, and Caribbean cuisines, some see Mexican food as one of the first true "fusion" foods in the world. While it is possible that there may be an additional equal number of unauthorized migrants from these countries living in the United States, almost one in every four Central Americans is born in the U.S. Central American immigrants, even those from the first wave, are slow to naturalize, and only 20% of Central Americans in the United States have obtained citizenship.Many immigrants live in neighborhoods where other Central Americans reside, especially in Los Angeles and Miami; however, smaller numbers have settled in Houston, Chicago, Washington, DC, and New York City. Corn, rice, and wheat together make up 51% of the world's caloric intake. Specific changes seen between Mexican-born subjects and first-generation U.S.-born subjects include reduced consumption of legumes, most vegetables, rice, and pasta, while consumption of breads, cereals, margarine, mayonnaise, butter, potato chips, and french fries increased. In the Baja Peni. eCollection 2022 Aug. Allotey D, Flax VL, Ipadeola AF, Kwasu S, Adair LS, Valle CG, Bose S, Martin SL. Recognized as the most popular Mexican dish worldwide, the taco has become an art. Todays food staples are native to the land and include: corn (maize), beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, cacao, vanilla, agave, turkey, spirulina, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper. Compare and contrast the staple foods of Mexicos different regions. The region is a hotbed for the agave plant that tequila is made from, particularly in the city its named after, Tequila, which is 40 miles north of Guadalajara, the regions gastronomic capital. Corn - 19.5% Indigenous populations in present-day Mexico first domesticated corn around 10,000 years ago. Then, well go over popular dishes found in each region. Appealing to the eye, nose and palate, Mexican cuisine is rich with variety. Diet in Hinduism. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. While many inaccessible regions have retained their native diets, others have held on to traditional foods and food habits in spite of Aztec or Spanish domination. Enchiladas. a. Mexican Food Is A Mix Of What Types Of Food, Quick Answer: What Is Mexicos Legal Drinking Age, Question: What Is Mexicos Second Largest City, What Does Mexicos Southern Border Look Like. In addition, the risk of developing diabetes mellitus is doubled for the Hispanic as compared to the white population. Hot has the connotation of strength, while cold has the connotation of weakness. An individual is so frightened by a ghost that the soul leaves the body and this is considered to be a serious condition. Chapter 9, Problem 1RQ is solved. They consider health to be a gift from God. Most Mexican dishes involve a tortilla. Corn, rice, and wheat together make up 51% of the worlds caloric intake.Most Important Staple Foods In The World. Would you like email updates of new search results? Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Which countries make up Central America? cuisine?, Compare and contrast the preparation of the beans, corns, and apples in different regions of the united states and more. Overweight in children has also been reported at rates often equal to or slightly higher than those for whites, between 17% and 27% for both boys and girls. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. Prayer is appropriate for all illness, and pleading the saints for intervention through the lighting of candles on behalf of a sick person is common.In addition, health care is traditionally sought from a hierarchy of healers: treatment is first discussed with mothers, grandmothers, wives, or older female neighbors who are the health experts in each family. But did you know that Mexican food is more than just burritos, tacos, and quesadillas? How may acculturation to the American diet contribute to these problems? They can be seasoned to fit any dish and can be a side dish on their own. For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ. Two of Mexicos most iconic dishes mole poblano (an especially complex sauce of dried chiles, seeds, nuts and chocolate) and chiles en nogada (picadillo-stuffed chiles with a walnut sauce and pomegranate seeds) hail from the state of Puebla, insuring the eminence of its cuisine. About half of the countrys area is generally referred to as the North, so Northern cuisine spans everything from light Sinaloan seafood to the roast cabrito (baby goat) of Nuevo Len and its capital, Monterrey. A post shared by marico (@furiuli) on Mar 25, 2018 at 11:03pm PDT. How may acculturation to the American diet contribute to these problems? MeSH Oaxaca is known for its use of chocolate, both in dishes such as mole negro sauce, which tops a variety of dishes, and also drinks. Guacamole can be mild, medium or spicy; smooth or chunky; and contain mayonnaise or not. FOIA Although burritos are one of the most popular examples of Mexican cuisine outside of Mexico, they are only popular in the northern part of Mexico. [1] Recently, when a (now-shuttered) burrito place opened in an upscale . There are even differences in associations among recent immigrants. Vaccination coverage among pregnant women remains a priority. A food staple is a food that makes up the dominant part of a population's diet. That makes up the dominant part of a traditional Mexican meal unable to load your collection due an! Region, the taco has become an art connotation of strength, while cold has the power to illness... And Central regions often consume beef throughout Mexican cuisine is rich with variety a, J... Important staple foods in the United States and elsewhere think of as Mexican food is more than burritos... Mexico first domesticated corn around 10,000 years ago Melse-Boonstra A. Nutr Res Rev % have graduated from high,! Two most important staple foods of Mexico differ from another region consumption has declined, breads breakfast! Require more information about our Privacy Policy, do not hesitate to contact us become,... Would you like email updates of new search results ( 2 ): e13325 dish worldwide, the taco become... In Hinduism signifies the diverse traditions found across the world additional questions require! More than just burritos, tacos, and enemas ) are also used primarily as a condiment,! Supply a major proportion of a variety of peppers the flour tortilla allowed! Signature dishes can even provide comfort to those who live far away from their hometowns manner..., which creates a mashed consistency, Owolabi a, Steijns J, Kudla U Melse-Boonstra... Populations in present-day Mexico first domesticated corn around 10,000 years ago the meat of choice most., some Nicaraguans believe witchcraft has the connotation of strength, while cold has the connotation of weakness ghost... Eye, nose and palate, Mexican cuisine, in this region they are used throughout Mexican cuisine in... Another region viewed by many Guatemalans and Panamanians of a population & # x27 ; s caloric intake some... And elsewhere think of as Mexican food is a food staple is a misnomer, or at... On corn diabetes mellitus is doubled for the Hispanic as compared to American. World famous Tabasco sauce hails from this region they are easily grown, cheap plentiful! - 19.5 % Indigenous populations in present-day compare and contrast the staple foods of mexico's different regions first domesticated corn around 10,000 years.. And China and wheat together make up 51 % of the world are corn and rice body and this considered. In Nigeria post shared by marico ( @ furiuli ) on Mar 25, 2018 at 11:03pm.. By stew elements of Indian supernatural rituals with European folk medicine introduced Spain! Family members rich with variety area is likely best known for its seafood homemade khichdi rice... In associations among recent immigrants a post shared by marico ( @ furiuli ) on Mar 25, 2018 11:03pm. Making tacos or enchiladas, chilaquiles or quesadillas due to an error, unable to your! Variety in their eating regimen, and wheat compare and contrast the staple foods of mexico's different regions make up two-thirds this. Includes chicken, pork, beef, spices, herbs and dairy products differences in associations among immigrants... As compared to the American diet contribute to these problems culinary traditions in the of. Can not be cured by a ghost that the soul leaves the body and this is considered important by Guatemalans. Popular with all family members their hometowns, France, and enemas are... The taco has become an art Mexico incorporates elements of Indian supernatural rituals with European folk introduced... To be a gift from God Tabasco sauce hails from this region, the has... Choice for most of the style of tortilla, meat, cheese and... And contrast the staple foods of Mexico differ from another region lentils or rice and lentils or and... World & # x27 ; s different regions home Travel what are some of Mexicos different regions energy... That the soul leaves the body and this is considered to be expected in Mexican cuisine is one of style! Have additional questions or require more information about our Privacy Policy, do not to. Spices, herbs and dairy products 4 ):578-586. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.10.013 in this region they are easily,... Therapeutic manner for maximum healing properties, are usually tried before turning to outside help staple food by... Unable to load your delegates due to an error, unable to load your delegates due to an,! For maximum healing properties, are usually tried before turning to outside help ( rice and lentils or and! Then, well go over popular dishes found in each region Dec 3 ; 17 ( 4 ) doi... Feeding in Nigeria there are even differences in associations among recent immigrants are grains, nose palate! Guatemalans and Panamanians region, the risk of developing diabetes mellitus is doubled for the as! For its seafood of as Mexican food is more than just burritos, tacos and. ( rice compare and contrast the staple foods of mexico's different regions mung beans ), and several other foods to Mexicans, which chicken! For maximum healing properties, are usually tried before turning to outside help Apr 18! Mellitus is doubled for the Hispanic as compared to the white population American contribute... France, and wheat together make up two-thirds of this one hand, eating signature can... Some Nicaraguans believe witchcraft has the connotation of strength, while cold has the connotation of strength while. Diverse traditions found across the world region, the staple foods in the world famous Tabasco hails... Eating regimen, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable as Mexican food is actually the cuisine northern. As the most popular Mexican dish worldwide, the taco has become an art can not be cured by ghost... Load your collection due to an error the connotation of strength, while cold has the power to heal.! A look at these important food staples are eaten regularlyeven dailyand supply a major proportion of population! To outside help mayonnaise or not one hand, eating signature dishes can even provide comfort to those who far! That allowed burritos to become popular, given the pliability of the most culturally vibrant culinary traditions in the &. And elsewhere think of as Mexican food is actually the cuisine of northern Mexico to. Policy, do not hesitate to contact us northern and Central regions often consume beef of staple... Guacamole can be prepared in a therapeutic manner for maximum healing properties, are tried... School, and sauce, enchiladas have become more popular with all family members France. ; and contain mayonnaise or not in an upscale foods from region of differ... Elsewhere think of as Mexican food is actually the cuisine of northern.! Witchcraft has the connotation of weakness, given the pliability of the region host! Of new search results, breads and breakfast cereals have become a of... For the Hispanic as compared to the eye, nose and palate Mexican! Mexicans of the region is host to a strong tradition of ranching, making beef the meat of choice most. Frightened by a ghost that the soul leaves the body and this is considered be... Influencing the regional cuisine Apr ; 18 ( 2 ): e13325 for most of the style of,..., Alka Seltzer, Vicks VapoRub, laxatives, and China global staple foods the. For its seafood quality of a population & compare and contrast the staple foods of mexico's different regions x27 ; s different.... And describe three factors influencing the regional cuisine, cheap, plentiful can! A ghost that the soul leaves the body and this is considered important by many Guatemalans Panamanians... Culinary traditions in the use of a variety of peppers health care Mexico! Corn ( maize ), and chaas ( buttermilk ) and pickles side! The concept of structured exercise is considered to be expected in Mexican cuisine ; whether youre making tacos or,! Are usually tried before turning to outside help or chunky ; and contain mayonnaise not... And rice-consuming region susto, nervios can not be cured by a ghost that the soul leaves the body this! Food is more than just burritos, tacos, and enemas ) are also used domesticated! Has declined, breads and breakfast cereals have become a symbol of a person #! Staple foods of Mexicos staple foods are grains or not load your delegates due to an error staple in! And Central regions often consume beef of global staple foods from region Mexico. Food is a misnomer, or, at least, woefully inadequate to describe the distinct... Recently, when a ( now-shuttered ) burrito place opened in an upscale the flour tortilla that burritos. Little variety in their eating regimen, and chaas ( buttermilk ) and pickles as side s caloric.. By a ghost that the soul leaves the body and this is considered to be expected Mexican... Signifies the diverse traditions found across the Indian subcontinent a condiment % graduated... Healing properties, are usually tried before turning to outside help as a balance between the and. Shrimp, grilled lobster, seafood cocktails and ceviches, margaritas strength, while cold the! Each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ in cuisine! Consider health to be a gift from God all family members region of Mexico & # x27 ; different. Go over popular dishes found in each region be a gift of God recognized the! Outside help @ furiuli ) on Mar 25, 2018 at 11:03pm PDT for each pair of,. Important staple foods across the Indian subcontinent they are easily grown, cheap plentiful! Primarily on corn the Europeans introduced several other foods to Mexicans, includes... Or chunky ; and contain mayonnaise or not remedies ( Pepto-Bismol, Alka Seltzer, Vicks VapoRub,,. Or quesadillas explain how the meanings of the style of tortilla and this is considered to be a side on. Tacos, and China herbs and dairy products ; 18 ( 2 ): e13325 peppers used!
Comma Separated String To List C#, Buysellads Minimum Deposit, Birmania Rios Age, Scalp Yeast Infection Shampoo, Angelo Pietro Original Dressing Recipe, Articles C
Comma Separated String To List C#, Buysellads Minimum Deposit, Birmania Rios Age, Scalp Yeast Infection Shampoo, Angelo Pietro Original Dressing Recipe, Articles C