The government increased efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenders and to identify and provide protection services to trafficking victims, including those subject to forced labor. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. islands in the harbor (now connected to the mainland by jetties). The law prohibits parties based on religion, ethnicity, gender, language, or region, but there were various political parties commonly known to be Islamist, notably members of the Green Alliance. In 2016 the government created a High Independent Election Monitoring Body, charged with monitoring elections and investigating allegations of irregularities. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est. Not until Algeria's civil war in the 1990s did the country again experience substantial outmigration. Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, The constitution grants the president authority to appoint all prosecutors and judges. Citing the threat of terrorism, the government also prevented overland tourist travel between the southern cities of Tamanrasset, Djanet, and Illizi. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. Police typically dispersed protesters shortly after a protest began and arrested and detained organizers for a few hours. Printed editions of the monthly news magazineJeune Afriquehave not been available in the country since April 23. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. Human rights issues included unlawful interference with privacy; laws prohibiting certain forms of expression, which were often vague, as well as criminal defamation laws; limits on freedom of the press; restrictions on the freedom of assembly and association including of religious groups; official corruption, including perceptions of lack of judicial independence and impartiality; criminalization of consensual same sex sexual conduct and security force sexual abuse of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; and trafficking in persons. In-country Movement: The constitution provides citizens the right to freely choose their place of residence and to move throughout the national territory. The government requires that foreign diplomats and private sector personnel have armed security escorts from the government should members of these groups travel outside of Algiers wilaya (province), El-Oued, and Illizi, near hydrocarbon industry installations and the Libyan border, respectively. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: b. Many trade unions remained unrecognized by the government; they identified delayed processing and administrative hurdles imposed by the government as the primary obstacles to establishing legal status. The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a forensic physician for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered incapacitated the victim for 15 days. Prescribed penalties under this statute range from three to 20 years imprisonment, which were sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs. Intelligence services arrested journalist Said Chitour in June 2017 and accused him of sharing intelligence with a foreign power. One of the smaller areas of land can be called a state or a province. jurisdiction of an igame, which is an acronym for, 1957-01-10: The four territories joined a union called. Several members were arrested on September 13 in Bejaia, including the leader of political party Jil Jadid, Soufiane Djilali. There were no reports that the government granted refugee status and asylum to new refugee applicants during the year. Algeria since December 18, 2019, is divided into 58 wilayas ().Prior to December 18, 2019, there were 48 provinces. The 58 provinces are divided into 1541 baladiyahs (municipalities).The capital city of a baladiyah, dara, or province, always gives those entities their name, even Algiers, the capital of the country gave it its name (El Djazayar, the Arabic name for both the city and the country). President of the Constitutional Council Mourad Medelci announced voter participation in the elections was just under 51 percent, a sharp drop from the slightly more than 74 percent turnout during the previous presidential election in 2009. Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. ANEP stated that it sought to preserve a pluralistic press and freedom of information and noted that it funded opposition newspapers. Deputy Secretaries of State; Deputy Secretary of State; Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy; Office of the U.S. )biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Ministry of Labor conducted inspections and in some cases investigated companies suspected of hiring underage workers. Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in May 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. Pursuant to the constitution, all parties must have a national base. The electoral law adopted by parliament in 2016 requires parties to have received 4 percent of the vote in the preceding election or to collect 250 signatures in the electoral district in order to appear on the ballot. The government said pretrial detainees were normally held in cellblocks separate from those that housed the general prison population. )exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria's construction and oil sectors. The Information and Documentation Center on the Rights of Children and Women, a network of local organizations that promoted the rights of women, managed call centers in 15 provinces. The May 2017 elections for the lower chamber of parliament did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. 1958-03-17: Sada department created by taking parts of Oran, Saoura, and Tiaret departments. A 2016 constitutional revision requires the president to consult with the parliamentary majority before appointing the prime minister. If mediation does not lead to an agreement, workers may strike legally after they vote by secret ballot to do so. )female: 0.7% (2020 est. )$24.902 billion (2020 est. If domestic violence results in death, a judge can prescribe a life sentence. Many schools lacked teachers trained to work with children with disabilities, threatening the viability of efforts to mainstream children with disabilities into public schools. A ban on demonstrations in Algiers remained in effect. The ministry has three to six months to review the text, with the absence of a response after that time constituting a rejection of the application. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. administration, the country was divided into dpartements (departments), which were subdivided into arrondissements,
The Ministry of Culture can also require a full content review of books on other topics if it chooses. The Ministry of Labor audited 218 organizations and found that 89 companies did not respect the 1-percent quota. 1957-07-01: New department codes assigned to the thirteen departments. The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. 1870-10-24: By decree No. The constitution provides for the right of association, but the government restricted this right. Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Berber or Tamazight (official); dialects include Kabyle Berber (Taqbaylit), Shawiya Berber (Tacawit), Mzab Berber, Tuareg Berber (Tamahaq)major-language sample(s): (Arabic)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. While this legal mechanism exists, the high demand for employment in the country gave an advantage to employers seeking to exploit employees. Although specific data was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the informal sales market, often in family businesses. By law workers may strike only after 14 days of mandatory conciliation or mediation. FIS membership is illegal. The facilities were located in Sidi Fredj. Under the law, the government may conduct electronic surveillance to prevent terrorist or subversive acts and infractions against state security, pursuant to written authorization from a competent judicial authority. Hydrocarbon exports enabled Algeria to maintain macroeconomic stability, amass large foreign currency reserves, and maintain low external debt while global oil prices were high. $41.776 billion (2021 est. It changes the spelling of one province from
The person must submit an application for compensation within six months of the dismissal or acquittal. Advocacy groups reported that children with disabilities rarely attended school past the secondary level. ), $11,000 (2021 est. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. It appears that the -r- spelling is
)10.51% (2019 est. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. Foreign Travel: The constitution states that the right to enter and exit the country is provided to citizens. A court sentenced him to five years in prison, plus a DZD 100,000 ($850) fine. ), improved: urban: 98.3% of populationrural: 91.3% of populationtotal: 96.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.7% of populationrural: 8.7% of populationtotal: 3.5% of population (2020 est. Local and international NGOs asserted that police impunity was a problem. )consumption: 46,945,035,000 cubic meters (2019 est. military territories as the arrondissements were to the civil territories, and the cercles were on a par with
Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth. A CNDH representative said the organization viewed the most serious human rights concerns as limits on socioeconomic rights, as well as limits on free speech. For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. The Wassila Network noted this number is a fraction of actual cases since victims of domestic violence rarely report the abuse to authorities because of the forgiveness clause stipulated in the legal code. The Ministry of Culture reviewed the content of films before they could be shown, as well as books before importation. Administration: Authorities conducted investigations into allegations of mistreatment and took administrative actions against officers it deemed to have committed abuses. Update 15 to the GEC, the successor to the FIPS standard, is dated 2014-03-31. Their names were Alger (English: Algiers),
The law states that decisions reached in mediation are binding on both parties. According to the Ministry of Interior, in September there were 70 registered political parties. WebAlgiers Province ( Arabic: , Wilyat al-Jazir, [wilaja aldazair]; French: wilaya d'Alger or province d'Alger) is a province ( wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, The law requires the director of the publication to hold Algerian citizenship. Domestic violence remains a society-wide problem. The law does not explicitly include this provision. The law for the protection of the child criminalizes anyone who economically exploits a child with a penalty of one to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment is doubled if the offender is a family member or guardian of the child. The provinces are subdivided into 160 dayrat (sub-prefectures), and further into 1,541 municipalities. In all other criminal cases, pretrial detention may not exceed four months. The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. Since 2014, Algerias reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to fund the government and finance the large subsidies for the population has fallen under stress because of declining oil prices. The Ministry authorized the import of only 350 copies ofJeune Afriquefor delivery to various institutions. Security services prevented the meeting from taking place in the absence of an official authorization. The attendees moved their meetings elsewhere and were followed by police who ordered them to disperse. ), total dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 48.7elderly dependency ratio: 9.8potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est. SNAPAP and other independent unions faced government interference throughout the year, including official obstruction of general assembly meetings and police harassment during sit-in protests. The average woman's age at first marriage increased from about 19 in the mid-1950s to 24 in the mid-1970s to 30.5 in the late 1990s. According to UNHCRs March report on Sahrawi refugees in Tindouf, the government protected a significant number of refugees in five camps in Tindouf and a smaller urban refugee population, primarily in Algiers. A separate law provides for up to three years imprisonment for publications that may harm the national interest or up to one year for defaming or insulting the president, parliament, army, or state institutions. An Defla split from Chlef; An Tmouchent split from Sidi Bel Abbs; Bordj Bou Arrridj split from Stif;
), total: 3,790,459 (2020 est. International Child Abductions: The country is not a party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Overuse of pretrial detention remained a problem. )solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. 1964: Name of Orlansville department changed to El Asnam. The committee brought together various government and civil society actors to discuss implementation of the national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. ICRC staff visited prisons, and police and gendarme stations under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice, and an administrative detention center operated by the Ministry of Interior. )exports: 673 million kWh (2019 est. Importers of books covering the national movement and the Algerian Revolution must submit the entire text of the books for review, including a secondary review by the Ministry of the Moudjahidine (veterans of the Revolution). The government may invalidate a unions legal status if authorities perceive its objectives to be contrary to the established institutional system, public order, good morals, law, or regulations in force. Press reported 107 protestors were injured along with 51 police and gendarmes. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.5% (2021 est. According to human rights activists, citizens widely believed the government conducted frequent electronic surveillance of a range of citizens, including political opponents, journalists, human rights groups, and suspected terrorists. List of Algerian provinces by population This article has been translated from the The government allowed international observation of the elections but did not permit local civil society organizations to do the same. Women suffered from discrimination in inheritance claims and were entitled to a smaller portion of an estate than male children or a deceased husbands brothers. Political Parties and Political Participation: The Ministry of Interior must approve political parties before they may operate legally. alterations - were consolidated into a unit called Territoires du Sud. The provinces later became divisions. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. formed from parts of Annaba and Guelma; Ghardaa split from Laghouat; Illizi split from Ouargla; Khenchela formed from
03 / Select Countries You can add more than one country or area. The law does not differentiate between girls and boys in registration of birth. The law presumes defendants are innocent and have the right to be present and to consult with an attorney provided at public expense if necessary. Employment: The government does not formally allow refugee employment; however, many worked in the informal market and were at risk of labor exploitation due to their lack of legal status in the country. The law says any firing or other employment action based on discrimination against union members is invalid. The law does not place significant restrictions on voter registration, but implementation of voter registration and identification laws proved inconsistent and confusing during past elections. ), household consumption: 42.7% (2017 est. )-5.1% (2020 est. Nongovernmental observers believed pretrial detainees comprised a significant portion of the total detainee and prisoner population but did not have specific statistics. The Ministry of Religious Affairs did the same for all religious publications. The government granted such authorization to students and persons with special family circumstances. Authorities normally awarded custody of children to the mother, but she may not make decisions about education or take the children out of the country without the fathers authorization. According to the law, police must obtain a summons from the prosecutors office to require a suspect to appear in a police station for preliminary questioning. A coalition of Islamic and secular opposition parties boycotted the election, describing it as a masquerade and asserting that President Bouteflika was unfit to run due to his health. After The government said that a drop in aid from international donors led to worsening conditions for Sahrawi refugees, and that it had increased its own contributions as a result. The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. An annex was the area dominated by a fort, and was part of a cercle. Section 2. Financial Disclosure: The law stipulates that all elected government officials and those appointed by presidential decree must declare their assets the month they commence their jobs, if there is substantial change in their wealth while they are in office, and at the end of their term. The country has ratified the International Labor Organizations (ILO) conventions on freedom of association and collective bargaining but failed to enact legislation needed to implement these conventions fully. Media reporting and public opinion viewed the absence of charges against the most senior of government officials as an indication of impunity for government officials. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. Many organizations reported that they never received a deposit slip and that even with the receipt; it was difficult to conduct necessary administrative tasks without formal accreditation. The group was formerly known as Jund al-Khilafah fi Ard al-Jazair. The constitution provides for the right to a fair trial, but authorities did not always respect legal provisions that protect defendants rights. Note: total area has changed since
)$5.666 billion (2018 est. In September 2017 Algerian National Front party leader Moussa Touati stated that his party paid bribes in order to secure its single seat in parliament. Academics and activists said that sub-Saharan African migrants sometimes faced discrimination and that there were tensions in some communities between the native and migrant populations. Women faced discrimination in employment. )1% (2019 est. )agricultural: 6.671 billion cubic meters (2017 est. the same name, with a status nominally equal to the departments of European France. Ouled-Djellal arrondissement from Aumale department merged with Barika arrondissement of Stif department to become Barika
)$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. In September a group of military veterans organized a protest in Algiers, prompting a crackdown by authorities. The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. Hotels in Algiers and other major cities continued their practice of refusing to sign rental contracts for meeting spaces with political parties, NGOs, and civil associations without a copy of written authorization from the Ministry of Interior for the proposed gathering. According to a 2012 law, at least 33 percent of seats in elected assemblies are reserved for women. The law mandates that online news outlets must inform the government of their activities but does not require them to request authorization to operate. )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. The government did not adequately enforce the law, since discrimination reportedly existed, specifically against migrant workers in the informal economy who lacked a legal means to address unfair working conditions. Authorities arrested Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months without a trial. Early and Forced Marriage: The legal minimum age of marriage is 19 for both men and women, but minors may marry with parental consent, regardless of gender. He was charged with sharing intelligence with a foreign power.. If authorities need more than 48 hours to gather additional evidence, they may extend a suspects authorized time in police detention with the prosecutors authorization in the following cases: if charges pertain to an attack on data processing systems, they may extend the time in detention once; if charges relate to state security, they may do so twice; for charges concerning drug trafficking, organized and transnational crime, money laundering, and other currency-related crimes, they may do so three times; and for charges related to terrorism and other subversive activities, they may do so five times for a maximum of 12 days. The National Human Rights Committee (CNDH) said the government had dedicated $12 million to ensure the human rights of migrants during repatriation operations (to include accommodation, food, clothing, health care, medicines, and transportation). Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. provinces. The law requires that workers obtain government approval to form a union, and the Ministry of Labor must approve or disapprove a union application within 30 days. )$496.547 billion (2019 est. The departments were divided into arrondissements, as shown below. The government allowed undeclared workers to gain credit for social security and retirement benefits for time spent in the informal economy if they repay any taxes owed after registering. The law grants the government wide-ranging oversight of and influence in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations. The constitution provides for the right of peaceful assembly, but the government continued to curtail this right. The boundaries of subdivisions have changed, although the names may have stayed the same. 134, the departments united the civil and military territories, strengthening the
The law provides sentences of six months to five years in prison and fines between DZD 50,000 and DZD 500,000 ($425 and $4,252) for users who do not comply with the law, including the obligation to cooperate with law enforcement authorities against cybercrime. UNHCR offices in Algiers reported an estimated 200 to 300 asylum requests per month, mostly from Syrian, Palestinian, and sub-Saharan African individuals coming from Mali, Guinea, Central African Republic, Cote dIvoire, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). After violent clashes between Ibadis in Ghardaia and security forces, Fekhar wrote a letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon asking the UN to save the local Ibadite population from persecution by the government. Lebanon Provinces Provinces of Lebanon Buy data Donate Updates: There are two new provinces named Aakkr and Baalbek-Hermel. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. Algeria is the United States' 3rd-largest market in the Middle East/North African region. The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. Pretrial Detention: Prolonged pretrial detention remained a problem. LGBTI status is not, in itself, criminalized; however, LGBTI persons may face criminal prosecution under legal provisions concerning prostitution, public indecency, and associating with bad characters. The government did not permit young men eligible for the draft who had not completed their military service to leave the country without special authorization. For the year the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women, reported that there were 1,127 logged cases of violence against women. By law, the age for consensual sex is 16. Former president Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud, and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. U.S. exports to Algeria totaled $1.2 billion in 2005, an increase of more than 50% since 2003. The majority of the ministrys programs for children with disabilities remained in social centers for children with disabilities rather than in formal educational institutions. A tripartite social pact among business, government, and the official union established the national minimum wage of DZD 18,000 ($153) per month in 2012. U.S. imports from Algeria grew from $4.7 billion in 2002 to $10.8 billion in 2005, primarily in oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG). There were several strikes launched in reaction to the governments refusal to extend official recognition to fledgling new unions and its practice of engaging only with the UGTA. According to statistics from womens advocacy groups published in the local press, between 100 and 200 women died each year from domestic violence. To found a union, an applicant must be Algerian by birth or have held Algerian nationality for 10 years. )percent of population: 63% (2020 est. El Watanreported that almost 10 percent of ballots cast were invalid. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Police arrested protesters throughout the year for violating the law against unregistered public gatherings. The law provides for criminal penalties of two to 10 years in prison for official corruption, but the government did not fully implement the law. Defamation laws specify that former members of the military who make statements deemed to have damaged the image of the military or to have harmed the honor and respect due to state institutions may face prosecution. The country joined the Human Rights Council in 2014 but continued to deny requests for visits from the UN special rapporteurs on extrajudicial executions (pending since 1998) and counterterrorism and human rights (pending since 2006), the UN Working Group on arbitrary detention (pending since 2009), and the UN Security Council Mali Panel of Experts on Sanctions (since 2016). The judiciary was not impartial and was perceived by some observers to be subject to influence and corruption. After Frances defeat in the Franco-German War, settlers felt they could finally gain more land. The government acknowledged that some detention facilities were overcrowded but said it used alternatives to incarceration such as releasing prisoners with electronic bracelets, conditional release, and replacing prison terms with mandatory community service to reduce overcrowding. It was unclear whether authorities followed the law in all cases since local authorities had significant discretion and the government did not maintain nationwide statistics. Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and other NGOs criticized the governments use of the law to restrict peaceful assembly. Declining oil prices have also reduced the governments ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. Other Algerians headed to Europe seeking asylum, although France imposed restrictions. Sept. 29: The Algerian Defense Ministry said the Algerian army killed five armed Islamist militants and seized weapons, munitions and food supplies during a sweep of the forests of Tazoult in the Batna province. Penalties for noncompliance include a prison sentence of two to six months and a fine ranging from DZD 100,000 to DZD 200,000 ($850 to $1,701) and DZD 200,000 to DZD 500,000 ($1,701 to $4,251) for repeat offenders. Aumale (department no. Most major opposition parties lost seats in the elections, and several parties claimed the results were significantly altered by fraud. Various international humanitarian organizations and observers criticized the operations, citing unacceptable conditions of transport, primarily on the Niger side of the border, and what they described as a lack of coordination among the Algerian Red Crescent, the government of Niger, and the Red Cross of Niger. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women said 60 percent of the recipients of government microcredit loans for small businesses were women. Journalists from independent print and broadcast media expressed frustration over the difficulty of receiving information from public officials.
Obituaries Cottage Grove, Mn, Articles S
Obituaries Cottage Grove, Mn, Articles S