It took only a few minutes to complete the signing, and it was agreed not to make the signatures public for six months to give the signers and their families as much time as possible to secure themselves against certain reprisals. [11] During his two pastorates he wrote three well-known works on theology, notably the satire "Ecclesiastical Characteristics" (1753),[12] which opposed the philosophical influence of Francis Hutcheson.[13]. The Presbyterian Handbook, Revised Edition - Page 59 [27], Witherspoon was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1789[33], Scottish-American Presbyterian Minister (1723-1794). He suggested, however, that the state might enact a law that all slaves born after its passage should be free at a certain agee.g., 28 years, as in Pennsylvania, although in his optimistic opinion the state of society in America and the progress of the idea of universal liberty gave little reason to believe that there would be any slaves at all in America in 28 years time, and precipitation therefore might do more harm than good. Princeton University is considering a petition, signed by nearly 300 members of the campus community, to remove a statue of John Witherspoon. Mailer, Gideon. Born in Scotland to a family of clergymen, he was trained to become a Presbyterian minister. Witherspoon personally taught courses in eloquence or belles lettres, chronology (history), and divinity. This claim is based on a private letter quoting a rumor spread by an enemy of Stockton. "There," he had said after writing his name in large, bold letters. He was an affectionate husband, a tender parent and a cordial friend. As a minister in the church he might have considered it beneficial to claim he was named after his ancestor.. Could you add the son James in the data and then include him in the 1776 project? It took nearly two years to regain his health according to Dr. However, none was more important than moral philosophy (a required course). Although Livingston later won the election by one vote, Stockton was unanimously elected to serve as the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, but he turned down that position to remain in the Congress. John Witherspoon (February 5, 1723 November 15, 1794) was a Scottish-American Presbyterian minister, educator, farmer, slaveholder, and a Founding Father of the United States. Adams at first refused, but when Stockton again repeated his request and at the urging of Edward Rutledge who said only Adams had the facts at his command Adams rose to the occasion and gave a stirring speech in favor of independence. His most prominent students were Aaron Burr and James Madison. On his return to Princeton, he traveled 30 miles east to the home of a friend, John Covenhoven, to evacuate his family to safety, and away from the path of the British army. The servant therefore retains all his other natural rights. When the General had seated himself, Boudinot proceeded to read an address of welcome. Many of his students, including James Madison, Aaron Burr, Philip Freneau, and John Breckenridge, would play prominent roles in the development of the new nation. The office of a judge of the province, was never filled with more integrity and learning than it was by him, for several years before the revolution. The eulogy was delivered by Rev. In fact, an ancestor, John Witherspoon, signed the Declaration of Independence. Witherspoon is not quite the hick she makes herself out to be, at least offscreen. Witherspoon was born on March 22, 1976 at Southern Baptist Hospital, in New Orleans, Louisiana, while her father, Dr. John Draper Witherspoon, was a student at Tulane University medical school. One of her poems about General Washington, on the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, shows how highly Washington esteemed these complimentary writings by the letter he wrote Annis. Illinois University LibrariesCorner, George W., The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush. In his Lectures on Divinity, Rev. At the College of New Jersey, Witherspoon revised the moral philosophy curriculum, strengthened the college's commitment to natural philosophy, and positioned Princeton in the larger transatlantic world of the republic of letters. At this point he was twenty. He remained at the University to study divinity. In 1776, the New Jersey delegates to the Congress were holding out against Independence. Nine died of wounds or hardships during the war. On June 26th, this Livingston petitioned the New York Assembly so that he could leave the state convention and rejoin Congress in Philadelphia. Stockton initially showed little interest in politics. American affairs assumed great importance in England at that time and the opinions of so distinguished an American were sought after. Accounts indicate that, despite clear instruction, Justice Stockton wished to hear the arguments on either side of the issue. His estate, Morven, in Princeton was occupied by General Cornwallis during Stockton's imprisonment; his furniture, all household belongings, crops and livestock were taken or destroyed by the British. Boudinot again served in Congress from 1789-1795. While he at first abstained from political concerns, he came to support the revolutionary cause, accepting appointment to the committees of correspondence and safety in early 1776. Therefore, public religion was a vital necessity in maintaining the public morals. Witherspoon was responsible for its rebuilding after the war, which caused him great personal and financial difficulty. In 1757, he wed Annis Boudinot, built their home Morven, and later had two sons and four daughters. The Syng inkstand is a silver inkstand used during the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the United States Constitution in 1787. Danny Pieper was elected on May 23, 2007, and the SC Supreme Court, Seat 2 to which the Hon. McKean and George Read, the other two representatives from Delaware, were split on the issue of independence and Caesar Rodney's vote was needed if Delaware was to join the United States of America. He died from 9 April 1804 to 2 April 1805, in Salem . Constitutional Convention of 1787, including Virginias James Madison, as well as scores of individuals who served as judges and justices, members of Congress, and members of state ratifying conventions. Moses Coit Tyler "President Witherspoon in the American Revolution" The American Historical Review Volume 1, Issue 1, July 1896. pp. Ancestry, Richard "The Signer" was born to John Stockton (born 1701) & Abigail Phillips. John Witherspoon Collection, 1765-1903 (mostly 1767-1790) C0274 SOME ONLINE CONTENT. Collection Overview . During the British assault on South Carolina in 1780, three of that state 's signers - Thomas Heyward Jr., Arthur Middleton, and Edward Rutledge - distinguished themselves in the defense of Charleston. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856, Convening Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Witherspoon&oldid=1132410668. Brother of Captain David Witherspoon; Susan Ann Witherspoon; Josias Witherspoon; James Alexander Witherspoon, IV and Margaret Ann Witherspoon, A Patriot of the American Revolution for NEW JERSEY. Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1777 until November 1784 and became one of its most influential members and a workhorse of prodigious energy. It had been a long and muddy ride from Princeton, they had been caught in a violent thunderstorm, and their clothes were soaking wet. John Witherspoon, signer of the Declaration of Independence from New Jersey, was born at Yester, Scotland, 5 Feb. 1722. He registered for military service in 1780. The practice was also impolitic, as slaves never are so good or faithful servants, as those who become so for a limited time by consent. Thus had the stage been set as Caesar Rodney galloped up Chestnut Street to the State House in Philadelphia on the morning of July 2nd. Richard Stocktons home Morven became the New Jersey Governors Mansion from 1954-1981. [15] Thus, Witherspoon and his family emigrated to New Jersey in 1768. Only John Hancock signed the declaration that day, and a formal signing by all the delegates was scheduled for August 2nd. John Hart, at the insistence of his dying wife, finally left her bedside to flee as a party of Hessians approached his farm. John Witherspoon: A Sermon Occasioned by His Death (1802), The History and Genealogy of the Witherspoon Family by Joseph Bailey Witherspoon, Protected Profile addition - Signers Declaration of Indepence, Patriotic Service, New Jersey, American Revolution, Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence. Witherspoon was opposed to the Jacobite rising of 1745-46. : University of Notre Dame Press, 2005. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. ", Steven Hopkins of Rhode Island, the second-oldest signer, was afflicted with palsy. The first signer to die, in 1777, was John Morton of Pennsyvania, a former Crown officer who had been sent to Philadelphia to oppose independence. Then, on June 7th, Richard Henry Lee put this resolution before the Congress: "RESOLVED, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved.". According to the petition, "paying such honor to someone who participated actively in the enslavement of human beings, and used his scholarly gifts to defend the practice, is today a distraction from . Richard Stocktons grandson Commodore Robert Field Stockton conquered California, became its first military governor in 1846, and in 1851 served as a Senator from New Jersey. But even as late as January 6, 1776, the Congress adopted a resolution stating that the colonies, "had no design to set up as an independent nation." So terribly was he ravaged by the disease that he wore a green silk scarf over part of his face, and was described by one colleague as "an animated skeleton, with a bandaged head.". John Witherspoon arrived in Philadelphia to take their place as new members of Congress meeting at the State House (now Independence Hall). And like Pictet, Witherspoon was eager to show that the truths of supernatural revelation could be squared with reason. And Continental Congresses were convened at Philadelphia in 1774, to deal with Britain's passage of the Intolerable Acts, and in 1775, shortly after the Battles of Lexington and Concord. He remained at the University to study divinity. They were pleased to take up the matter with that zeal which the nature of it required and determined to take every step that they might in this endeavor to more effectually and speedily execute the business. Princeton University Press, 1948. At the urging of Benjamin Rush and Richard Stockton, whom he met in Paisley, Witherspoon finally accepted a second invitation to become president and head professor of the small Presbyterian College of New Jersey in Princeton. He met with Edmund Burke, the Earl of Chatham, and many other distinguished members of Parliament who were friendly to the American Colonies. Dr. Betty Witherspoon earned three degrees in total, including a Ph.D in education. Rush. Tyranny, like Hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.". Because of the parole document Stockton signed with General Howe to gain his freedom, and giving his word of honor not to meddle in the war (required to be given a parole), Stockton resigned from Congress. [11], On March 7, 1781, The New Jersey Gazette acknowledged his worth to his country: "The ability, dignity, and integrity, with which this gentleman discharged the duties of the several important offices to which he was called by the voice of this country are well known.". That such men were present at the moment of America's birth strongly suggests that the same Divine Providence they invoked in the Declaration of Independence had indeed planned it that way. 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. Previously offered for $12M. Worthy to note: John Witherspoon, the only clergyman to sign our Declaration of Independence was the nephew of both Margaret and Janette Witherspoon. Miss Montgomery, at an early age, and at the time of his immigration had three sons and two daughters. They found the army in need of all necessary things and Stockton reported this to John Hancock. In 1768, Stockton was elevated to a seat in the royal executive council of New Jersey; in 1774, he was placed on the bench of the Supreme Court. On January 3, 1777, General George Washington was directed by Congress to protest against the shocking and inhuman treatment of the honorable Richard Stockton to General William Howe. Father of Julia Rush; Mary Hunter; Susannah Cuhtburt; Sen. Richard Stockton; Lucius Horatio Stockton and 2 others; Abigail Field and Abigail Dunbar less Witherspoon also helped organize Nassau Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey. When he was finally freed, in a prisoner exchange, he was an invalid who died a short time later at the age of 51. John Witherspoon, Parson and Patriot "He was one of the "Signers of the Declaration of Independence" John Witherspoon, son of James Witherspoon and Anne Walker was baptised in the parish of Yester, East Lothian on 10 February 1723. Stockton wrote fellow signer Abraham Clark Dear Sir, Before I left Philadelphia Congress appointed a Committee, consisting of one member from each state, to devise ways and means for furnishing the Army with clothing and etc. Scotland's DNA Like John Adams and Patrick Henry, he was an outspoken Patriot, advocating independence from Great Britain. The duties on each side. View Transcript The Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. He also served twice in the state legislature. Behold here 'the end of all perfection.' This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 19:20. Witherspoon was a very active member of congress, serving on more than a hundred committees through his tenure and debating frequently on the floor. Judge Richard Stockton was the only signer to be put in irons, starved and imprisoned under brutal conditions by the British four months after signing the Declaration of Independence. Witherspoon worked with fellow Presbyterians and Congregationalists to ensure that the Anglican Church did not become the established church of the new nation as it had been in some of the states, but he believed that members of the clergy had the same right to participate in politics as others did. The Witherspoon Institute is a conservative think tank in Princeton, New Jersey. He helped organize Nassau Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey. DAR Ancestor # A127172. When Stockton was questioned about America by the secretary of state, he rejoiced that he had nothing to ask of the government and therefore dare speak my sentiments without cringing. John Witherspoon is a DAR Patriot Ancestor. Nothing was ever written about doubts of Stockton's loyalty in any of the papers of members of Congress, or in any newspapers or books of the time. His fame preceded him and he was received by the most eminent men of the kingdom. Philip STOCKTON, Susanna STOCKTON, Hannah STOCKTON, Princeton, Mercer County, New Jersey, British Colonial America, Princeton, Mercer County, NJ, United States, Princeton, Mercer County, New Jersey, British America, Princeton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States, Morven, Princeton Township, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, Patriots - Daughters of the American Revolution, Richard Signer of US Declaration of Independence Stockton, Judge Richard Stockton (Signer of Declaration of Independence), Richard, Signer Of The Declaration Of Independence Stockton, Richard Signer Of Us Declaration Of Independence STOCKTON, http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/stockton.htm, http://www.dsdi1776.com/signers-by-state/richard-stockton. When he had backed away from the table, one delegate whispered, "There go a few millions!". Jimmy Witherspoon, born in Arkansas, was a master of the blues. The Institute was founded in 2003 by Princeton University professor and conservative Robert P. George, Luis Tellez, and others involved with the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. udinot (born Stockton), Abigail Pintard (born Stockton), Susanna Pintard (born Stockton), John Stockton, Rev. "[5], Howe's Document that Stockton signed giving his word of honor not to meddle in the American affairs during the war was the parole Benjamin Rush said Richard Stockton was given when he was released from prison in New York.[6]. [1], John married Elisabeth Montgomerie in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August 1748.[2]. This article was originally published in 2009. John attended the preparatory school in Haddington Scotland. In the days that followed, copies of the Declaration of Independence was posted throughout the 13 states and read in public places. Witherspoon was a proponent of Christian values, his common sense approach to the public morality of civil magistrates was influenced by the ethics of Scottish philosophers Francis Hutcheson and Reid rather than Jonathan Edwards. Abraham Clark, the New Jersey signer who was known as "The Poor Man's Counsellor", had two sons - both Army officers - who were captured and accorded barbarous treatment on the hellship 'Jersey'. In 1780 he was elected to a one-year term in the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Somerset County. They were moral men, and all men of integrity who had been welded together in a common purpose. John Witherspoon, son of James Witherspoon and Anne Walker was baptised in the parish of Yester, East Lothian on 10 February 1723. This address, from a person of your refined taste and elegance of expression, affords a pleasure beyond my powers of utterance, and I have only to lament that the hero of your pastoral is not more deserving of your pen; but the circumstance shall be placed among the happiest events of my life. Witherspoon was responsible for its reconstruction after the war, which caused him great personal and financial difficulty. Signers | Here were the elite of the 18th century America, but few were elitist. To fulfill this, he and his family emigrated to New Jersey in 1768. Stockton had the honor of personally presenting to King George III an address of the trustees of the College of New Jersey, acknowledging the repeal of the Stamp Act, and his address was favorably received by the king. Witherspoon advocated for "gradual emancipation" of slaves. Later, he signed the Articles of Confederation and supported ratification of the Constitution. The militia commander was signer Thomas Nelson Jr., who noticed that the artillery gunners were shelling everything in the vicinity except his own stately brick mansion, which was being used as British headquarters. The man chosen to formally declare the reasons for independence was Thomas Jefferson, a 33 year-old lawyer and plantation owner from Virginia. In 1774, he drafted and sent to Lord Dartmouth "a plan of self-government for America, independent of Parliament, without renouncing allegiance to the Crown.". Papers: 1766-1784, 32 items. After much soul-searching, Hewes decided that his belief in liberty outweighed his pacifist convictions, and he joined those urging separation from England. The petitions suggests replacing the statue with "an informational plaque which details both the positive and negative aspects of Witherspoon's legacy. Page 201.The Collections of the Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. David, the youngest son, graduated the same year as his brother John, married the widow of Abner Nash, and practiced law in New Bern, North Carolina. Princeton University Press, 1954, p. 43.Sanderson, John. Jefferson's Account | John Witherspoon, (born Feb. 15, 1723, [Feb. 5, 1722, old style], Gifford, East Lothian, Scot.died Nov. 15, 1794, Tusculum, N.J., U.S.), Scottish-American Presbyterian minister and president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University); he was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. All his cattle, horses, hogs, sheep, grain and forage have been carried away by them. [John Witherspoon, Lectures on Moral Philosophy (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Doctor Samuel Smith, vice president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and son-in-law of Rev. Annis was descended from French Huguenots; her grandfather fled France at the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and settled in New York. A member of the five-man drafting committee created immediately after the Lee resolution was introduced, Jefferson had proposed that John Adams of Massachusetts undertake the actual writing of the statement, but Adams declined. He first took a moderate stance in the troubles between the colonies and England. Despite this precaution, it is probable that the British government and their Tory allies knew the names of every signer long before they were released to the public. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey, Born on February 05, 1723 He is particularly interested in the experiences of children in 1765-75. in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: John WITHERSPOON (1723), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. 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